modifier to check if an array exists or not in Statamic V3

Below is my antlers partial in Statamic V3

{{ if logged_in }} 
    {{ user }} 
    {{ if likes != null }}
        {{ if (likes | in_array:id) }}
            <a href="javascript:void(0)">
                <span class="material-icons ml-2 mt-2 bookmark-button" data-action="/!/likes/dislike/{{ page:id }}">
                    bookmark
                </span>
            </a>
        {{ else }}
            <a href="javascript:void(0)">
                <span class="material-icons ml-2 mt-2 bookmark-button" data-action="/!/likes/like/{{ page:id }}">
                    bookmark_border
                </span>
            </a>
        {{ /if }} 
    {{ /if }} 
    {{ /user }} 
{{ /if }}

in this code, I simply want to check if likes array exists or not, if yes then only do further logic processing

but what I get is this

Facade\Ignition\Exceptions\ViewException
in_array() expects parameter 2 to be array, null given

I even checked this

{{ if likes }}

instead of

{{ if likes != null }}

still, I get the same error

Is there a way where I can check whether this likes array exists or not and only then proceed further?